Folic Acid vs. Folate: Which Form Is More Effective?

Folic acid—many know this crucial B vitamin primarily in the context of pregnancy. But folic acid is much more than just a pregnancy vitamin: it plays a vital role in cell division, supports blood formation, and contributes to overall health—for everyone, regardless of life stage. In this article, you’ll learn why folic acid is an essential nutrient and why folate might be even more effective.

Table of Contents

What Is Folic Acid and What Is Folate?

When exploring this topic, you may come across the terms folate and folic acid being used interchangeably. Both are also referred to as Vitamin B9 in German-speaking countries, and as Vitamin B11 in some other regions. So, you might encounter four different terms that often refer to the same thing. Although folate and folic acid produce similar effects, there are some important differences.

Folate Is the Natural Form

Folate is the natural form of Vitamin B9. It’s found in a wide variety of foods, including:

  • Vegetables, especially cabbage, asparagus, tomatoes, spinach, beetroot, beans, and lettuce
  • Nuts
  • Legumes
  • Potatoes
  • Fresh fruit
  • Liver
  • Seafood
  • Eggs
  • Sunflower seeds
  • Whole grains
  • Milk and dairy products
These Foods Contain Folate
These Foods Contain Folate

How Is Folic Acid Different?

Folic acid is the synthetic form of Vitamin B9, commonly used in supplements. Many foods are already fortified with it, such as bread and dairy products.

However, the body processes folate more efficiently because it’s directly converted into its active form, which the body can use immediately. In contrast, folic acid must go through several conversion steps to become active, which may not work optimally for some people. An excess of unmetabolised folic acid in the blood can potentially pose health risks. This is why it’s often better to choose folate from natural sources or high-quality supplements to ensure your body can effectively utilise Vitamin B9.

Why Is Folic Acid Important?

Vitamin B9 is particularly important for cell formation, cell division, and the healthy development of nerve tissue. Alongside other vitamins, it supports energy metabolism. The synthetic form of Vitamin B9 also promotes iron metabolism, which is crucial for blood formation.

During pregnancy, folic acid is vital for embryonic development. If you are planning to become pregnant, are already pregnant, or are breastfeeding, it’s especially important to avoid a folic acid deficiency. If you’re concerned about this, it’s best to consult with your doctor.

The Right Dosage: What You Need to Know About Folic Acid

The daily requirement for folic acid depends on various factors. To prevent a folic acid deficiency, public health authorities recommend different concentrations. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) generally recommend a daily dose of 150 micrograms for adults to prevent deficiency. Higher needs exist for:

  • Women with a preventive intention of conceiving
  • During pregnancy, especially in the first trimester
  • During breastfeeding
  • Individuals with heavy alcohol consumption
  • Undernourished individuals
  • Those taking certain medications, such as antiepileptics or drugs for ulcerative colitis
  • People with gastrointestinal diseases or digestive disorders like coeliac disease

Is There a Maximum Dosage?

You can consume natural folate in unlimited amounts according to current scientific knowledge. However, the situation is different with folic acid. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment recommends a maximum daily dose of 200 micrograms for healthy adults. For women of childbearing age and pregnant women in the first trimester, the recommended maximum daily dose is 400 micrograms.

What Are the Symptoms of a Folic Acid Deficiency?

Consuming folate or folic acid below the recommended daily dose does not necessarily lead to a noticeable deficiency. However, consistently falling well below the required amount can result in deficiency symptoms. Common signs of a folic acid deficiency include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Irritability
  • Muscle aches
  • Heart rhythm disturbances
  • Pale skin
  • Concentration problems
  • Shortness of breath
  • Hair loss
  • Swollen tongue and sore mouth lining

A folic acid deficiency during pregnancy is particularly concerning. Inadequate intake can impair cell formation and division, posing a risk of birth defects. Several studies have shown that taking folic acid before and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of neural tube defects (such as spina bifida and brain damage).

At a Glance

  • 01.

    Folic acid and folate are the synthetic and natural forms of Vitamin B9, respectively, which is important not just during pregnancy.

  • 02.

    Folic acid supports cell division and the formation of new cells.

  • 03.

    A prolonged folic acid deficiency can lead to fatigue, weakness, concentration issues, and other symptoms.

Article Sources

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Immune System

1: Copper, folate, selenium, zinc, and vitamins A, B12, B6, and C contribute to the normal function of the immune system.

Metabolism

2: Vitamins C, B6 and B12, as well as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus, copper, and manganese contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism. Biotin, zinc, and chromium contribute to normal macronutrient metabolism. Vitamin A and riboflavin contribute to normal metabolism of iron. Zinc contributes to normal acid-base metabolism.

Healthy Cells

3: Vitamins E and C, as well as riboflavin, zinc, copper, manganese and selenium, contribute to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Zinc contributes to normal DNA synthesis. Phosphorus contributes to normal function of cell membranes.

Mental Performance; Mental Focus; Nervous System; Psychological Function

4: Vitamins C, B6, B12, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and folic acid contribute to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Pantothenic acid contributes to normal mental performance. Zinc contributes to normal cognitive function. Vitamins C, B6, B12, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, and copper contribute to normal functioning of the nervous system. Thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folate, and vitamin C in AG1 contribute to normal psychological function.

Healthy bones

5: Calcium contributes to the maintenance of normal bones. Protein, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese contribute to the maintenance of normal bones. Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of bones.

Cardiovascular System

6: Thiamine contributes to the normal function of the heart. Vitamins B6 and B12 contribute to normal red blood cell formation. Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of blood vessels.

Skin, hair, nails

7: Vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, biotin and zinc contribute to the maintenance of normal skin. Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of skin. Biotin, zinc and selenium contribute to the maintenance of normal hair. Copper contributes to normal skin and hair pigmentation and to normal connective tissue. Selenium and zinc contribute to the maintenance of normal nails.

Hormonal Health

8: Vitamin B6 contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity. Pantothenic acid contributes to normal synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and some neurotransmitters. Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood. Selenium contributes to normal thyroid function and normal spermatogenesis. Zinc contributes to normal fertility and normal reproduction. Chromium contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.

Digestion

9: Calcium contributes to the normal function of digestive enzymes. Biotin contributes to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes (e.g., intestinal mucosa).

Muscles

10: Calcium contributes to normal muscle function. Proteins contribute to the maintenance of muscle mass and an increase in muscle mass.

Healthy eyes

11: Vitamin A, riboflavin and zinc contribute to the maintenance of normal vision.

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