RESEARCH STUDIES

AG1 is backed by clinical research

Our innovation is powered by continuous investment in scientific research and clinical discovery. We make sure the benefits of our product are thoroughly studied, and all claims are backed by a strong body of evidence – from ingredient-level research to clinical trials on the finished formula.
The result? AG1 doesn’t just feel different – the impact is measurable.

One product, four gold-standard clinical trials.

AG1 has undergone multiple gold-standard clinical trials – repeatedly proving its effectiveness in supporting nutrient absorption across different populations and study designs.

Tested for impact on:

Our research findings

NUTRIENT LEVELS

AG1 helps improve key nutrient levels within 3 months.ᵃ

AG1 decreases Homocystein levels.ᵃ

WHY THIS MATTERS

Homocysteine ​​is an indicator of sufficient supply of B vitamins. A low-normal homocysteine level suggests a good B6, B12, and folate status – nutrients that among others support the homocystein metabolism. A functioning homocysteine ​​metabolism prevents the accumulation of intracellular homocysteine ​​and subsequent export into the blood, where it can contribute to oxidative stress.

AG1 increases Vitamin C levelsᵃ

WHY THIS MATTERS

Representing antioxidants in AG1, vitamin C plays an important role in defending the body against oxidative stress³ and supporting immune function¹. As a powerful antioxidant, it’s essential to a wide range of physiological, psychological and cellular functions.¹ ² ⁴

MICROBIOME

AG1 is clinically shown to enrich the gut microbiome.ᵃ⁻ᶜ

Over 10x average increase in friendly bacteria in the gut.ᵃ⁻ᶜ

WHY THIS MATTERS

These good bacteria live in the gut as part of a healthy microbiome.

BIOAVILABILITY

Key nutrients in AG1 were shown to be quickly and easily absorbed into the body.ᵈ

Thiamine levels were significantly increased within 30 minutes of drinking AG1.ᵈ

WHY THIS MATTERS

AG1 delivers key nutrients like thiamine, biotin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, zinc and folate – in bioavailable forms the body can easily and readily utilize, maximizing their potential benefits.

a. In a triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel-designed clinical trial evaluating nutrient biomarkers and microbiome shifts in 105 healthy adults ages 20-59 over the course of 12 weeks.
b. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled 2-week cross-over clinical trial assessing microbiome shifts in 20 active adults ages 19-37.
c. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled 2-week cross-over clinical trial assessing microbiome shifts of 24 healthy adults with occasional GI distress ages 26-59.
d. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial assessing bioavailability in 16 healthy adults ages 18-42 over the course of 8 hours.
The studies were conducted on a similar version of AG1's continually evolving formulation. The transferability of the study results is ensured because of comparable ingredients and amounts.

What powers our research

There are many ways to study how nutrition affects the body. In our clinical research, we use advanced tools and technologies – together with our academic and clinical partners – to explore the connection between nutrient intake and microbiome composition.

Our Team

Our research team

Our in-house team of clinicians and scientists bring diverse expertise across nutrition, metabolism, microbiome, and related fields. We also collaborate with independent experts, academic institutions, and clinical partners to advance research and expand our understanding with cutting-edge technology.

Dr. Ralph Esposito

ND, Lac — Functional Medicine

Dr. Esposito is a licensed naturopathic physician focused on optimising healthspan and lifespan through preventive and lifestyle practices. He completed his training as a medical intern in Urology at NYU Langone, holds a clinical Masters in Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine, and is a certified Functional Medicine doctor (IFMCP). Dr. Esposito employs evidence-based tactics to provide a personalized approach to preventative medicine. He is active in the health and education sectors, and is an Adjunct Professor in the Nutrition and Dietetics Program at New York University alongside his role as Chief Science & Nutrition Officer at AG1.

Dr. Laura Kunces

PhD, RD, CSSD — Exercise Physiology & Nutrition

Dr. Kunces earned her PhD from the nationally top-ranked Kinesiology program at the University of Connecticut, was a tenure-track university professor, and since spent 12+ years in the health and wellness industry conducting and presenting research, managing scientific communications, and driving scientific business strategy. Her industry experience spans brands from small start-ups to large multinational companies, where she has consistently played a cross-functional role in management and R&D innovation. Dr. Kunces has two master's degrees in exercise physiology (University of Connecticut) and clinical nutrition (University of Memphis), is a registered dietitian, and is a board-certified specialist in sports dietetics.

Dr. Jeremy Townsend

PhD — Exercise Physiology

Dr. Townsend earned his doctoral degree in Exercise Physiology from the University of Central Florida and has published over 80 peer-reviewed research articles focusing on sport nutrition, exercise performance, skeletal muscle physiology, and dietary supplementation. He has given numerous presentations and talks on nutrition and dietary supplementation at international conferences. Dr. Townsend is a Certified Sport Nutritionist (CISSN) through the International Society of Sport Nutrition (ISSN) and a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist with Distinction (CSCS*D) through the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). Dr. Townsend is currently the Research Manager at AG1 and an Adjunct Professor at Concordia University Chicago.

Dr. Trevor Kirby

PhD — Immunology and Microbiology

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Medicine from Washington State University and a masters degree in Biology with an emphasis in Immunology and Microbiology from Eastern Washington University. His area of expertise centers on the connection between the human gut microbiome and the nervous system. He has published various research in the fields of immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, genetics, and biochemistry, and has given sponsored and educational talks on novel therapeutic microbiome approaches. Passionate about science and science education, Dr. Kirby regularly engages with the greater community through podcasts and volunteering with local high school student STEM groups. He is currently a Research Scientist at AG1.

Dr. Philip Sapp

PhD — Nutritional Science

Dr. Sapp holds a doctoral degree in Nutritional Sciences from Penn State University and a masters degree in Exercise and Nutritional Sciences from Lipscomb University. He specializes in the effect of diet on cardiometabolic risk factors and the gut microbiome in adults at risk for chronic disease. As a clinical researcher, Dr. Sapp has designed, conducted, and presented on several clinical trials and has published numerous peer-reviewed papers and book chapters. Dr. Sapp is passionate about nutrition research and is currently a Research Scientist at AG1.

Dr. Caitlyn Edwards

PhD — Nutritional Science, Registered Dietician

Dr. Edwards completed her doctoral degree in Nutritional Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, and completed post-doctoral training at The Pennsylvania State University. She has experience in a variety of academic, industry, and non-profit settings, with over 50 published peer-reviewed articles in the fields of nutrition, neuroscience, technology, and eating behavior. Her research centers around the impact of dietary intake and eating behaviors on health across the lifespan. Alongside being a Nutrition Scientist, she is a Registered Dietitian with her certification of training in obesity in pediatrics and adults. Dr. Edwards is passionate about health and nutrition equity and helping others live happier and healthier lives. She is currently a Senior Research Scientist at AG1.

Alexandra Wood, MSc

MSc — Nutrition Science

Alex received her Masters in Nutrition Science from The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. She previously worked on developing science-backed nutritional products for 5+ years, and is currently a Product Marketing & Education Manager on the Research, Nutrition and Innovation team at AG1. Alex is passionate about nutrition innovation, applying behavioral science principles to drive positive behavior change, and communicating evidence-based nutrition information to help others live their healthiest and happiest lives.

Evan Lynch, MSc

MSc — Sports Nutrition, Registered Dietician

Evan Lynch is a CORU-registered dietitian with a BSc in Food Science and Health, a Postgraduate Diploma in Dietetics, and an MSc in Sports Nutrition. He is FODMAP trained and works across clinical, regulatory, and performance nutrition.

Evan is the Head of Nutrition for Europe at AG1, where he supports strategic nutrition direction, education, and evidence-based communication. Alongside this role, he runs a private practice supporting clients across sports nutrition, gastrointestinal disorders, geriatric nutrition, and weight management, and provides nutritional support to scholarship athletes at University College Cork and residential care settings.

He is a passionate science communicator focused on translating complex nutrition science into practical, accessible strategies for both athletes and clinical populations. His work and research interests include male health, disordered eating behaviours, and the role of neurodivergence in nutrition-related decision-making, with a focus on bridging clinical nutrition, sport science, and behavioural psychology to support sustainable, evidence-based outcomes.

The clinical research lifecycle

We’re proud to share that four clinical trials – rigorously designed, randomised, placebo-controlled trials – on the AG1 formula have been completed. This is a major milestone in our scientific journey and one that underscores our long-standing commitment to evidence-based innovation.

Just like the trials themselves, the clinical research lifecycle is also rigorous, and it can be lengthy.

The process of undertaking a trial, analysing the results, and publishing them can take years. But we know it’s worth the wait, because we’re committed to advancing science – not just for the sake of innovation, but to contribute meaningfully to advancing the science of nutrition and the microbiome forward.

  • AG1’s diverse team of clinicians, researchers, and PhDs work together to build initial studies.
  • The team conducted pre-clinical trials to inform the clinical trials. Pre-clinical studies were intentionally conducted to better understand the biological activity and mechanisms of AG1 – an approach that’s both common and foundational in the development of nutrition research. These early insights help inform the design of human clinical trials, enhancing scientific rigour and ensuring that future studies are strategically and effectively guided. Pre-clinical trials can take upwards of 8–10 months to design, implement and analyse the results.
  • We then partnered with independent contract research organisations (CROs) – the same groups trusted by other companies and academic institutions – to ensure data collection and analysis were objective and professionally managed.
  • To ensure scientific integrity and ethical compliance, each human study protocol was submitted for review and approval by an independent Institutional Review Board (IRB) prior to participant recruitment. IRB approval is a critical regulatory step that ensures the rights, safety, and well-being of study participants are protected, and that the research is conducted according to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and applicable regulations. No human study began without formal IRB approval.
  • We then created detailed protocols with third-party scientists (also known as principal scientists) outlining specific criteria including the study population, endpoints, duration, measurements, and statistical plan. The research partners then recruited participants to ensure the most objective outcome for each study design. Participants and the third-party researchers in the trials were “blinded,” meaning they did not know they were taking AG1 or a placebo. As part of the design, our scientists and statisticians helped determine the power of the study – which refers to the likelihood that the study would detect a true effect if one existed, ensuring the results would be scientifically meaningful and not due to chance.
  • Each study was conducted over varying lengths of time, designed specifically to help answer the research questions – whether AG1 could measurably impact specific markers such as nutrient status, or microbiome composition in various populations from healthy individuals, active people to those with occasional gut issues.

AG1 at scientific conferences

The following abstracts have been accepted and are being presented.

Title Conference, Date, & Location
The Synbiotic AG1 Outcompetes A Comparative Multi-strain Probiotic In The SHIME Model 2025 American Physiology Society (APS) Summit
Presented: April 24th–27th in Baltimore, MA
Abstract published in May issue of The Journal of Physiology, one of the peer-reviewed journals of the American Physiological Society: HERE
AG1®, a foundational nutrition supplement, closes nutrient gaps in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial 2025 American Society of Nutrition (ASN)
May 31st - June 3rd in Orlando, FL
Abstract published in Current Developments in Nutrition (CDN), a peer-reviewed journal of the American Society for Nutrition: HERE
AG1® improves biomarkers of nutrient status: A randomized controlled trial 2025 American Society of Nutrition (ASN)
May 31st - June 3rd in Orlando, FL
Abstract published in Current Developments in Nutrition (CDN), a peer-reviewed journal of the American Society for Nutrition: HERE
AG1® Supplementation for 12 Weeks Improves Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Adults With Poor Fruit and Vegetable Intake 2025 American Society of Microbiology (ASM) Annual Conference
June 19th-23rd in Los Angeles, CA
Abstract published in the ASM Microbe 2025 Online Abstracts Portal: HERE
AG1® Supplementation Improves Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Highly Active Adults: A randomized controlled trial The 2025 International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) 22nd Annual International Conference >
June 23-25 in Delray Beach, FL
AG1® closes nutrient gaps in highly active adults: A randomized controlled trial The 2025 International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) 22nd Annual International Conference
June 23-25 in Delray Beach, FL
Abstract published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition: HERE
AG1®, a multi-ingredient nutrition supplement, does not impact blood safety biomarkers in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial The 2025 International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) 22nd Annual International Conference
June 23-25 in Delray Beach, FL
Pharmacokinetics of key micronutrients in the foundational nutrition supplement AG1 2025 European College of Sports Science Annual Congress (ECSS)
July 1-4 in Rimini, Italy
Abstract published in the ECSS Online Abstracts: HERE

Peer-reviewed research

At AG1, science is at the heart of everything we do. Our commitment to research goes beyond any single formulation – we invest in rigorous, ongoing clinical studies to explore the role of foundational nutrition in overall health.

Beyond sharing our findings, we work with leading researchers to submit study manuscripts to peer-reviewed scientific journals – contributing to the broader scientific dialogue on the vital role of nutrition and the microbiome in overall health. To date, our peer-reviewed publications include both literature reviews and research on the AG1 original formula, which you can explore here.

In addition, multiple clinical studies on AG1 have been completed, and several abstracts have been accepted at upcoming national scientific conferences. As they are presented and published, we will update this page. In parallel, we are also working on several manuscripts which will be submitted to peer reviewed journals and published here upon acceptance.

JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION

The effects of AG1® supplementation on the gut microbiome of healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

This study investigated the effects of AG1® supplementation on the gut microbiome, GI tolerability, and clinical safety markers in healthy adults. After four weeks, AG1® enriched beneficial probiotic taxa, showed a potential improvement in digestive quality of life, and did not negatively impact stool consistency, bowel frequency, or clinical safety markers, demonstrating its safety for daily use.

Read paper
NUTRIENTS

Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health

Human nutrition, and what can be considered “ideal” nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists.

Read paper
FRONTIERS

Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions

Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually.

Read paper
NUTRACEUTICALS

The Novel Synbiotic, AG1®, Increases Short-Chained Fatty Acid Production in the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) Model®

Recently, there is growing usage of prebiotics and probiotics as dietary supplements due to their purported health benefits. AG1® (AG1) is a novel foundational nutrition supplement which contains vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, wholefood concentrates, adaptogens, and functional mushrooms.

Read paper
APPLIED BIOSCIENCE

AG1®, a Novel Synbiotic, Demonstrates Superior Mineral Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability Compared to a Tablet Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Using an In Vitro Model of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

While traditional multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements generally come in tablet form, new powder forms of MVM supplements are available with theoretically higher bioavailability relative to tablet MVM supplements. which contains vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, wholefood concentrates, adaptogens, and functional mushrooms. Recently, there is growing usage of prebiotics and probiotics as dietary supplements due to their purported health benefits. AG1® (AG1) is a novel foundational nutrition supplement which contains vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, wholefood concentrates, adaptogens, and functional mushrooms. Recently, there is growing usage of prebiotics and probiotics as dietary supplements due to their purported health benefits. AG1® (AG1) is a novel foundational nutrition supplement which contains vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, wholefood concentrates, adaptogens, and functional mushrooms.

Read paper
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

AG1® Induces a Favorable Impact on Gut Microbial Structure and Functionality in the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem® Model

The study using the SHIME® model demonstrated that AG1® had a significant impact on the composition of the human gut microbiota, leading to differential enrichment of bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways, suggesting potential favorable effects on gut microbial composition following AG1® supplementation. Kirby et al 2024.

Read paper
MICROORGANISMS

AG1®, a Novel Synbiotic, Maintains Gut Barrier Function following Inflammatory Challenge in a Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Co-Culture Model

This in vitro study assessed the impact of AG1, a synbiotic supplement, on gastrointestinal (GI) permeability following an inflammatory challenge. Using a human GI tract model, AG1 was found to significantly improve transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), suggesting protective effects on GI permeability compared to a control. No significant differences in inflammatory markers were observed, and the beneficial effects may be driven by short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from AG1’s prebiotic and probiotic components.

Read paper
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS

Changes in the fecal polar metabolome due to AG1 supplementation in the SHIME® model: A proof of principle study

Metabolomics is a critical approach to fully understand the metabolic repercussions of a nutritional supplement on the gut microbiota. Here, a proof of principle study was conducted via a metabolomic survey of polar metabolites to explore the effect of AG1 on the metabolic output of the human gut microbiota, in vitro, using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem® (SHIME)

Read paper
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FAQs

AG1 has been studied across multiple clinical trials, consistently demonstrating its effectiveness in increasing nutrient levels and enriching the microbiome.

  • Triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (105 healthy adults who consumed a Standard American Diet) measuring nutrient biomarkers and microbiome changes.
  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (20 highly active healthy adults) assessing microbiome changes.
  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (24 healthy adults with occasional digestive discomfort) assessing microbiome changes.
  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (16 healthy adults) measuring nutrient absorption and bioavailability.

© 2026 AG1

Food supplements are not a substitute for a balanced and varied diet and a healthy lifestyle. Do not exceed the indicated daily intake. Keep out of reach of children. Please inform and consult your doctor before consuming this product. Not suitable for children and adolescents under 18 years, pregnant or breastfeeding women. Refrain from taking other food supplements containing zinc. Persons taking anticoagulant medication should seek medical advice before consuming vitamin K-containing supplements.

* Genuine reviews from customers who received a review link after purchase.

** Limited offer for first-time subscribers only. Savings consist of a one-time welcome kit worth £147 (incl. AG1 pouch, 5 AG1 Travel Packs, AG D3K2, shaker, scoop & canister) in comparison to the regular subscription price (£79) for the first month. After that, the subscription costs £79 per month.

↡ Ongoing survey of 3,000+ AG1 customers after 12+ days of use, 2024.

§ In a third-party, observational study conducted on 35 healthy adults ages 25-48 assessing the self-perceived efficacy of AG1 over the course of 3 months. The study was conducted on a similar version of AG1's continually evolving formulation. The study results are transferable because of comparable ingredients and amounts.

○ Ongoing survey of customers from 12 European countries who have been taking AG1 for an average of 9 days.

⬥ Comparison (2025) with individual supplements in comparable amounts that are typically sold at retail: vitamin B complex, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, bacterial cultures, zinc, magnesium, calcium, selenium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, coenzyme Q10, greens powders (from sea algae such as spirulina, barley leaf, wheatgrass, dandelion, spinach powder, etc.), mushroom supplements (reishi, shiitake). AG1 monthly price for single subscription (£79) calculated down to 30 daily portions. The comparison prices are the average prices per daily portion of three individual products (where available) available online in September 2025 (sample selection) for each compared category, each with identical ingredients. To ensure a fair basis for comparison, where the comparison products have different dosages, the prices were mathematically adjusted to correspond to the dosage contained in AG1. The amounts for the B complex may vary slightly. For the greens powders and the mushroom complex, the prices were compared per daily dose, quantities and ingredients vary and are not 100% identical.

Research Studies
a. In a triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel-designed clinical trial evaluating nutrient biomarkers and microbiome shifts in 105 healthy adults ages 20-59 over the course of 12 weeks.
b. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled 2-week cross-over clinical trial assessing microbiome shifts in 20 active adults ages 19-37.
c. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled 2-week cross-over clinical trial assessing microbiome shifts of 24 healthy adults with occasional GI distress ages 26-59.
d. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial assessing bioavailability in 16 healthy adults ages 18-42 over the course of 8 hours.
The studies were conducted on a similar version of AG1's continually evolving formulation. The transferability of the study results is ensured because of comparable ingredients and amounts.

◊ Key health benefits:

(1) Immune system: With vitamins A, C, B6 and B12 as well as folate, zinc, copper and selenium, AG1 contributes to the normal function of the immune system. Vitamin C contributes to maintain the normal function of the immune system during and after intense physical exercise.

(2) Energy levels: Vitamins C, B6, B12, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and magnesium contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Magnesium contributes to electrolyte balance. Biotin, zinc and chromium contribute to normal macronutrient metabolism.

(3) Digestion: Calcium contributes to the normal function of digestive enzymes. With vitamin A, biotin, riboflavin and niacin, AG1 contributes to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes (e.g. intestinal mucosa).

(4) Focus; Mental performance; Psychological function; Nervous system: With pantothenic acid, AG1 contributes to normal mental performance. Zinc contributes to normal cognitive function. With vitamins C, B6, B12, B1, B3 and B7 AG1 contributes to normal psychological function and to normal functioning of the nervous system. Calcium contributes to normal neurotransmission.

‡ Additional health benefits:

(5) Muscles: With calcium and magnesium, AG1 contributes to normal muscle function.

(6) Cell Protection: With vitamins E and C as well as riboflavin, zinc, copper and selenium, AG1 contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Phosphorus contributes to normal function of cell membranes. Folate, Vitamin B6 and B12 contribute to normal homocysteine metabolism.

(7) Skin, hair & nails: With vitamins A, as well as riboflavin, niacin, biotin and zinc, AG1 contributes to the maintenance of normal skin. Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of skin. Copper contributes to normal connective tissue. Vitamin B7, zinc and selenium contribute to the maintenance of normal hair. Zinc and selenium contribute to the maintenance of normal nails.

(8) Hormonal system: With vitamin B6, AG1 contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity. Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood. Selenium contributes to the normal thyroid function. With chromium, AG1 contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.

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